Incidents In The Life Of A Slave Girl And Uncle Toms...

Slavery first began in America with the introduction of African Slaves to the North American colonies. It was a flourishing industry throughout America in the 17th, 18th, and 19th centuries. This commerce became so large that slaves became about one-third of the southern population during this time. The average slave during this period faced many physical and emotional struggles while battling the terrorism of slavery. Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl and â€Å"Uncle Tom’s Cabin† are two books written by slaves themselves and use imagery to obtain sympathy from the reader. Both Jacobs and Stowe right powerful anti-slavery books that show strong emotion towards the slaves’ minority voices and the hardship they unrightfully endured.†¦show more content†¦159). No one cared to listen to the minority voices of the women in slavery, they were rarely thought of as people. Jennifer Hallam a researcher from pbs.org adds to the thought of the degradation of women saying, â€Å"Enslaved women were beaten mercilessly, separated from loved ones arbitrarily, and†¦ treated as property in the eyes of the law (Hallam, 2002, p. 1). Linda (or Harriet Jacobs) did not experience physical abuse, she experienced psychological pain due to the fact that she was seen as nothing more than a piece of property from Dr. Flint. Most of the time, the women were considered property and nothing more. This idea pained the women because they knew that if they were just property, their children were too, and could be taken from them at any point. Emotional agony ran high between the mothers of slave children. The women knew their voice meant nothing, and that their pride and joy could be taken from them at any moment. Harriet Jacobs, a slave herself, decided to escape slavery after learning that her children were to be sent to the plantation in which she worked. Plantations were very physically tasking and Jacobs knew she had to do whatever she could to sh elter her children from the brutal conditions of slavery. Many slave women believed that even â€Å"death was better than slavery† (Jacobs, 2001, p. 54). ThisShow MoreRelatedThe Abolition Movement Of The 1800s1547 Words   |  7 Pages The Abolition Movement in the 1800s was a controversial time for America. There were many who fought for the right to keep slaves, but there were also many who fought for the freedom of slaves. People like Fredrick Douglass Anthony Burns, and works such as Uncle Tom’s Cabin gave a sense of liberty to the people who did not understand how little they had, and how restricted they were. Many factors had key roles within this movement, each becoming important, and crucial to the abolishment of slaveryRead MoreThe Anti Slavery Movement By William Lloyd Garrison, Arthur And Lewis Tappan1580 Words   |  7 Pagesuse of almanacs containing poems, drawings, essays, and other material, the Anti-Slavery Society was able to illustrate the hor rors slavery. Through the distribution of these almanacs, people were shown the types of struggles and horrors slaves faced on a daily basis. While there were many influential anti-slavery groups, there were also many influential people who helped spread the idea of the abolition of slavery. Frederick Douglass, who was once a slave, published North Star which discusses hisRead More Anti-Slavery Issue and Childrens Magazines: 1820-1860 Essay examples5201 Words   |  21 Pagesspecifically aiming at the children’s market.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   During this pre-war period there were few books for children that dealt with the slave problem; the immense success of Uncle Tom’s Cabin, however, engendered several spin-offs or adaptations, among which were Pictures and Stories from Uncle Tom’s Cabin(1853, uncredited) and A Peep into Uncle Tom’s Cabin (1853?) The latter was an adaptation by an English author, Mary Low, who   signed herself   ‘Aunt Mary’, and it was published both in EnglandRead MoreMedia Violence and Its Effect on Society1968 Words   |  8 Pagesi ncreases aggressiveness and anti-social behavior, makes them less sensitive to violence and to victims of violence, and it increases their appetite for more violence in entertainment and in real life. Media violence is especially damaging to young children, because they cannot tell the difference between real life and fantasy. Violent images on television and in movies may seem real to these children and sometimes viewing these images can even traumatize them. Recent research is exploring the effect ofRead MoreThe History of American Literature3501 Words   |  15 Pagescentral government outlined in the Constitution, while an anti-Federalist faction opposed it. A series of essays supporting ratification was published in 1787 and 1788 and circulated in pamphlets. The essays, later published as The Federalist, were written by James Madison, Alexander Hamilton, and John Jay . Slave narratives recorded another side of life in America. 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Because ofRead MoreBelonging Essay4112 Words   |  17 Pagesplays a role in the perception of belonging (or not belonging and all the shades inb etween): †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ personal context refers to those elements that are ones own, individual and private. cultural context is complex and refers generally to way of life, lifestyle, customs, traditions, heritage, habits - civilisation. More specifically, it refers to intellectual and artistic awareness, education and discernment. Popular culture refers to the Arts, the humanities, intellectual achievement, literatureRead MoreLangston Hughes Research Paper25309 Words   |  102 Pagesat the same table with him, and a fountain clerk in St. Louis refused to serve him a soft drink. He dealt with these slights the way he would his entire life: He turned away quietly. 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Managerial Ethics Free Essays

string(34) " fault turn people away from God\." â€Å"Ethics is the code of moral values and principles that governs the behaviors of a person with respect to what is right or wrong (Burke)†. Ethics sets standards on what is good or bad in a person’s behavior or decisions making. In addition it deals with internal values that are a part of the company’s culture and their employees. We will write a custom essay sample on Managerial Ethics or any similar topic only for you Order Now An ethical issue is found in a case that the actions of a person or an organization may harm others. â€Å"Managerial ethics help to guide decision making and the organization of internal and external behavior. Ethical problems usually arise from a conflict between an individual or group and the company, division or department as a whole. Companies have created a set of values and standards that are recognized by managers and consistently referenced during the work day have created an ethical platform that can operate managers and make decisions. Training managers on the specifics of managerial ethics by role play, case study and group discussion has paved the way for ethical behaveor. † (Burke) Managers in most organizations seek to encourage ethical practices to gain whatever commercial advantage there may be in having potential consumers and employees regard the company as ethical, also to ensure ethical behavior in the company. Distributing, creating, and continually improving a company’s code of ethics is a one-step manager can take to create an ethical workplace. Another step managers can take is to provide the work force with appropriate training. Many companies implement training programs designed at encouraging ethical practices within their organizations. (Marion, 2001) Managerial ethics are a set of standards that dictate the behavior of active manager within the workplace. It helps to guide decision making and organize the future path of the organization. People need to increase their awareness about ethics. Therefore, this paper will illustrate the history and the importance of ethics in the workplace environment. It will also provide good example of ethical and unethical behaviors in the place of work. History of ethics: The history of ‘’business ethics ‘’ has a lot of definition and it depends on how people define it. The history of ethics was known in 1970s and it was known in japan and Europe in 1980s. Business ethics is different in each country, for example the business ethics in China is way different from the business ethics in the United Kingdom. The history of business ethics will have three standards because it used in at least three different stands. First stand of the history is ‘‘the term ‘’ business ethics ‘’ came into common use in the 1970 in United State. ’’ (George, 1998). It was found in the academy, business meetings, and academic writing, research and teaching. Second stand of the history is when business ethics becomes more general usage in media and public discourse, and then they had to call it ‘’ethics in business. ’’ And it is the most widespread stand in general public, news reporters and many business companies use this term. Another stand of the history is when the history is broader; it goes back to the principal of business and taken in a broad sense, for example; commercial exchanges and later meaning economic system. Movement within business or movement to building ethics into structure in a form of ethics code, ethics training is the third stand of the history of ethics. Moreover, the meaning of business ethics is different from each country. According to Richard T. De George ‘’ Corporate social responsibility (CSR) has become something that corporations can no longer ignore and still maintain a positive public image. ’’. It plays in most of European countries, where the government has a huge role than United States, for example, a lot of labor force that were managed in United states were legislated in United Kingdom. Also, Agreeing to Richard T. De George,† CSR is a somewhat nebulous concept and it is often adopted by companies in response to external criticism, without any overarching framework or set of values‘’. Ethics of CSR is recognized in all cases by ethical norms not by the demand of interest groups. The globalization of business ethics has been in the worldwide of all the three stand of business ethics. The globalization of business ethics is still in tis incapability. They have a little attention of global issue; lobal warming is an example of attention they have. TOYOTA ethics in Japan’s 1)Leave employee exhausted. 2)They think the more working hour daily will give more productivity and quality to the product. 3)Work late at night without break time. 4)No meals available in the company. Toyota in japan have a strict rules of ethics that employee must do it if they joins the Company. However, Toyota ethics in other countries is different from japan due to the change in culture, environment and what people believe in. Religion perspective on business ethics The reason why religion is the most important factor in a person’s perspective of business ethics is because there are several different views of religious. For example: Muslims use the Holy Quran and the teaching of Prophet Mohammed to inform people their views on business ethics, while Christianity uses the Ten Commandments and the teaching of Christ to explain their ethics in business. The Jewish uses the Torah. In Islam, responsibility, freedom and honesty are the three main concepts of ethics. In addition of these three main concepts, a Muslim person should also have to be fair and productive. They believe that a selfish habit has no room in Muslim’s ethics. Moreover, they also believe that an absolute freedom should not have a place in their ethics because the economy will damage slowly if it has absolute freedom. According to religious views on business ethics website, ‘’ Jewish faith believes that a person should show reasonable concern for others. In these aspects Judaism is like Christian faith, however, there is a major difference in their beliefs. ’ Jewish thought that wanting wealth is a fault and this fault turn people away from God. You read "Managerial Ethics" in category "Papers" Furthermore, they also believe that a person should only have what is necessary to him/her to live a happy life. Judaism has rules that they follow as business ethics. Employers and employees are in different levels, so they will have different rules to follow. According to Religious views on business ethics website, ‘’ One rule that Jews believe, is that an employer should not demand more from a worker than they are capable of doing. ’ The basis for these different religions for theirs business ethics is: wealth and to know the perfect ways to deal with that wealth while staying in the limitation of their laws and rules. The main different in these religions is the way in which to deal with a situation that arise in everyday life and that because every religion has its own policy. The importance of ethics: Obviously, unethical and abnormal performance difficulties are of huge worry to businesses, which need to precede stages to resolve them. Unethical performance leads to unethical workplace environment that’s full of animosity, dishonest competition and inconvenient atmosphere and that’s why ethics are central quantity of each business organization. The ethical culture should be encouragement, solid and optimistic. â€Å"The vanity of the sciences, physical science will not console me for the ignorance of morality in the time of affliction. But the science of ethics will always console me for the ignorance of the physical sciences† (Pascal, 1998). There is a rising acknowledgment that noble ethics can have an optimistic financial influence on the performance of organizations. Lots of statistics provision the basis that ethics, integrity, responsibility and values are essential in the modern place of work. For customer crowds and the general public at outsized, studies has shown that noble ethics is good business. Ethics are essential aspect in the business environment. It goes beyond setting rules and applying them in the workplace to increase the organization’s profit, spread their reputation and competitive advantage to consumers and suppliers. Ethics advance the productivity and efficiency of the labor, honesty, and dependability, positive Work Habits, initiative, humility, positive Attitude, Teamwork, protect human rights of employees and provide a restful atmosphere at work. The importance of ethics in the workplace environment lays down numerous benefits in many different approaches. It can benefit the internal culture and atmosphere to the external firm’s reputation and stature. Several college courses are currently comprehensively applying the training of ethics and for worthy purpose. Young minds will proceeds this info into the workplace and recognize that ethics must be practical there as well as in the private division. A great level of ethics in the business has to be in place as a minimum for the consumers. If anything, it is the consumer that would be reflected the furthermost when it arises to ethical business performs. Customers will rather purchase their needs from a good reputation company that teach and apply good ethics to their employees. Ethics are believed by a lot of individuals as something that is associated to the private sideways of lifetime and not to the business sideways. In countless businesses, consuming ethics is assumed as an undesirable topic. This is since business is frequently about choosing what is the finest for number one, not about what’s truly the correct thing to do. Ethics are theoretical to advance our lives and appeal honest spirits. Maybe the purpose ethics is such an uncomfortable topic is for the reason that they are repeatedly unwell applied, if applied at all. Ethics aren’t checkered at the gate when arriving the place of work. Ethics obligate each little as much a place in the community as they do the private. What is unethical behavior? We can describe unethical behavior as any act that is not accepted by the principles of behavior recognized by the association. Unethical behavior can take place at any situation with an employee; either it can occur while dealing with another employee, in day to day running of the business or when he is dealing with the company’s resources and finance. Unethical behaviors show damaging in workplace . There are a lot of unethical behaviors in workplace. One of the important causes of unethical behavior is greed. For example, the worker who’s in contact with a client may be willing to give him/her a discount in exchange for a kickback. The essential reason that can lead to unethical behaviors in the workplace is ignoring the firm’s policies . The most common unethical behavior is deception in the workplace. Such as, switch prices of products so that items are marked as cheaper than they should be. Also, failure to commit with clients, such as delays in the due date and failure to respond to customers’ calls or emails . You must know how to deal with difficult clients. (Wallace, 2012) Also one of the common unethical behaviors by an employee in a company can be seen in a situation where he uses the company’s computer for his personal use. Unethical behavior is carried out when he uses the computer for either shopping online, checking his personal emails not related to company’s official work, playing games †¦etc. These tasks may lead to delay in the responsibilities that he was assigned to do for the company. In addition â€Å"fraud is a form of unethical practice, which involves falsification of facts or data to obtain unjust rewards Fraud is a crime which attracts harsh sentences to offenders. It also causes huge losses to business organizations. †(Thomson, 2004) Moreover, bribery is considered number one of the most unethical behaviors in the companies. Bribery means offering or accepting anything of value in exchange for changing or influencing the behavior of the recipient of the bribe. Anything of value can use as a bribe, but the money is a classic bribe. It also can be more intangible, and they might be like offers of real estates, valuable objects or a promise to do a specified service in the future. In order to consider it as a bribe, the object of value should be offered with the clear understanding that the person who accepts the bribe will be doing something in return. This distinguishes bribes from gifts given in real good faith, and also discriminate bribery of tipping, a practice in offering gifts in return for good service. For example, a driver being ticketed for speeding or parking in the wrong place might offer a bribe to the police officer to ask him to rip up the ticket. In many areas of the world bribery is considered as a crime, and it can be hardly punished. While in other areas bribery is more socially acceptable, and that can put a heavy burden on those in the lower levels of society, as they cannot afford to bribe officials in the pattern to which they are accustomed. The cultural differences on bribery can lead sometimes to confusions. In some cultures, for example, offering a tip may be considered a bribe, while in others, if you did not give a tip it considered as an offensive. Depending on regional laws, bribery can be punished with fines, imprisonment for a specified period, or compensation. Particularly in countries that are based on high ideals of equality, bribery is usually seen as especially offensive, because it erases the illusion that all the members of society are equal when someone can basically buy favors or someone else’s skills with the right bribe. Ethical behavior: Ethical behaviors are essential for employees to deal with clients in a professional way . Employees face ethical and unethical behaviors from clients every day in the workplace. If you want your company or shop gain profit you must train the staff to act ethically in accordance with the company. Working with clients requires specific ethics. For example, ability to offer successful communication to makes them repeat clients. As employee in company you must protect the rights of the client when delivering the service. Such as, rights of privacy. Moreover, the worker should have confidentiality relating to the release of information about clients. Be a good employee for instance, tell the truth always to your clients. Must respect all people and not to differentiate between them, give the clients your best advice and listen to the client because he/she wants to know that you care about his/her problem. Apologize and correct the problem if you had mistaken. Also, show the positive relationship between the employee and the clients. (Knight, 2009) Other example of ethical integrity in the workplace is confidentiality. It is a major illustration of veracity in any place of work. It is also considered as a legal obligation for any employee at any level of organization. All the employers in an organization has got certain information that is to be kept as secret and exposure of these to anybody can lead to fines, penalties and lawful punishments. Confidentiality helps in building trust and motivates genuine deliberation of secrecy of others. The most basic business ethics are honesty, integrity and fairness. Honesty is related to ethical advertising and a reasonable cost for the quality of the products or services. The businesses make profits through ethical business strategies instead of trying to benefit from others through dishonest pricing. Moreover, integrity includes a very wide range of ethics, but it covers issues like social and environmental responsibility. Integrity in business is to be fair and considerate to others but at the same time make profit. Finally, fairness is a very basic concept of ethics, where the company has to treat all the people in commercial dealings either employees or buyers fairly. Fairness in commercial dealings means to be objective and to have an interest in creating a win-win situation for both parties, whether between an employer and employee or a company and a client. Conclusion: To sum up, ethical is essential and very important aspect in the workplace environment. Ethics sets standards on what is right and wrong in an individual’s performance and decisions making. There is a rising acknowledgment that noble ethics can have an optimistic financial influence on the performance of organizations. Unethical behaviors provide lack of enthusiasm and negativity in the workplace. Therefore, ethical behaviors are central part to the workplace environment and to employees to work with clients in a professional way. 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Collette Dinnigan free essay sample

Dinnigan started her career in fashion in New Zealand attending Wellington Polytechnic in her late teens. After she graduated, she moved to Australia to begin working for the Costume Department of the Australian Broadcasting Commission in Sydney. In her time working at the Costume Department of the Australian Broadcasting Commission, Dinnigan developed an acute attention to detail and an authentic perspective on fabrication and design. External Factors Influencing Dinnigan Political Textiles and design has a lot of political influence. Influences range from conglomerate international trade to the simple (but powerful) act of banners carried by protesters in parades. Politics influences textiles in the way of aesthetics, production, materials, uses, and other aspects. Governments also issue grants available for soloists or groups who intent to imprint their innovative and creative ideas into the fashion world. These grants have a few purposes; these include providing further training or study for designers/artists, assisting in funding the production of artist’s work or flying works and their designers on tours and events. We will write a custom essay sample on Collette Dinnigan or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Collette Dinnigan has showcased her works in many overseas countries including Paris, therefore Government funding could have been a help in the success of her works being able to tour. Economic Economy affects the textile industry in that it controls how much people are willing to spend on clothing. When the economy is resilient, people are more likely to be willing to spend larger amounts of money on designer labels. When the economy stumbles, people do not have the income to pay for expensive designer labels. At this time people are more likely to spend money in outlets such as Target or Kmart, as they are more affordable and fashionable at the same time. Dinnigan, while producing expensive lines of clothing with more quality materials, also has branched out to outlets such as David Jones to attract more buyers as the products become affordable for people without as high an income. Social The success of a designer’s work depends on the currents trends set by other labels, celebrities, movies or music. In 2006, Dinnigan created a children’s wear collection of clothing in her boutiques and David Jones stores throughout the US, UK, Middle East and Asia called ‘Collette Dinnigan Enfant’. This attracts people who already wear her clothing and want their children to match or become as fashionable as their parents, in other words â€Å"make a statement. Dinnigan’s philosophy behind Collette Dinnigan Enfant is â€Å"To produce beautiful pieces that are affordable, wearable, versatile and child friendly†. Ecological Many designers such as Collette Dinnigan rely on Ecological factors to ensure success for their collections and products. Factors such as the demand by consumers for environmentally friendly products can contribute to the success of the collection and also influence her designs. The attitudes that people hold towards the environment and what is right and wrong, influence fashion trends, designs and therefore success. Technological Designers rely on technological advances to produce their collections so they are more trendy and fashionable. Developments in technology, in all areas of fibre development, yarn and fabric production, contribute to her success in terms of the materials she is able to use. Productivity also relies in developments in technology for design. Examples of modern-day technology that help designers such as Dinnigan in terms of making their products more popular are CAD (Computer Aided Design) and CAM (Computer Aided Manufacture). CAD/CAM technology is becoming increasingly apparent in the textile and apparel industry. Internal Factors Influencing Dinnigan Expertise Collette Dinnigan is a successful designer with an acute attention to detail and an authentic perspective on fabrication and design. She has collections merchandised in some of the most prestigious stores around the world from the Middle East to the East Coast of the United States. In 1995, a mere 5 years after her label was born, Dinnigan became the first Australian based designer to mount a full-scale ready-to-wear parade in Paris and still remains the only one to have been invited to do so. Dinnigan has also won many awards including. Without them her garments could not be made to the high standards which her customers have come to expect. Facilities Facilities available for the production and manufacture of Collette Dinnigan’s designs are crucial. Dinnigan opened her first store in Australia but exported her fashions to Barneys New York, Harvey Nichols London and Hong Kong. Her range is now stocked in her stores in Sydney, Melbourne and London, and in David Jones department stores. Dinnigan has also released a discount line for Target. Financial Financial resources and support are essential to keep Dinnigan’s design’s coming. An important way of keeping finances on track is to keep individual budget restraints as many freelance designers often do. Many designers have an agent who pays fees and controls the budget the designer is working from. Dinnigan has to keep a realistic budget so that her products maintain their uniqueness while making sure she doesn’t go overboard with costs and fees. How Dinnigan has Influenced Current Trends in Society Collette Dinnigan has started many trends in society due to her bridal, children’s wear and casual wear collections. Dinnigan’s bridal collection is strongly vintage influenced but is most suitable for modern ceremonies and receptions. Dinnigan says; My bridal dresses are more romantic, she explains. The red-carpet pieces are sexy although still chic. The bridal collection to me always has an heirloom feel to it   pieces that are timeless as well as being beautiful gowns with lots of attention to detail. Aristocratic glamour from eras long gone live on in these gowns for the contemporary bride. The collection covers every aspect of glamour from the very opulent, the sexy, and the sensuous, to the romantic, while being stunningly simple and elegant. Women now dream of wearing Collette Dinnigan Dresses on their wedding days because her designs make women feel confident. Dinnigan knows how to tap into the desires for both femininity and beauty. Dinnigan’s children’s wear line of clothing, â€Å"Collette Dinnigan Enfant†, influences society’s views of children’s fashion. Dinnigan as influenced parents to make their children look more sophisticated and trendy consistent with their own aspirations. Dinnigan’s design inspiration influences society in the way we dress. One example of this is Dinnigan’s Bohemian inspired pieces which has contributed to a whole new fashion trend; â€Å"Boho†. Dinnigan’s eye catching boho pieces in pretty pastels or bright tribal prints produce a high class beach chic with ease. Society is now seen in similar maxi dresses in acid colours as well as pastel tiny dresses over bikinis and swimwear. Her use of sheer fabrics and bar shoulders also create sexy sizzle necessary for the hot summer. Collette Dinnigan’s fashion is bought by a range of consumers including rich celebrities and the general public. Her ranges include expensive designer labels from her boutiques or David Jones and also the affordable ranges in Target (Australia) and Marks and Spencers (UK).

Paper free essay sample

Whether youre playing songs at a greasy truck stop for 65 bucks and a cheeseburger or youre in a Greyhound bus trucking down to North Carolina to meet some hodgepodge director of a documentary film about children that breast feed until age 10. Chances are youre an independent musician. Sure, making music is great and its loads of fun, but is it reasonable to think that we can actually sustain a living by saying buck you to the man and doing It all on our own? According to Talking Heads frontal David Byrne, its totally plausible.Artists used to need the labels to bankroll their recordings. Most simply didnt have the SSL 5,000 (Mullen) necessary to rent a professional studio and pay an engineer and producer. For many artists -? maybe even most -? this is no longer the case. Now an album can be made on the same laptop you use to check email. We will write a custom essay sample on Paper or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page (Byrne, 2007) In other words, if you have 1000 dollars, you can buy a Macro, purchase a universal Serial Bus (USB) microphone, record, mix, and master your own songs without leaving your Traditionally record labels were in charge of spending hundreds of thousands of Lars on recording, packaging and distributing music.With the invention of the internet, theres a dramatic shift in business practices and record labels are losing money hand over fist. According to Ron Gimbals: The recording industry is hemorrhaging financially from declining CD sales and is desperately seeking ways to stop the bleeding. In attempts to recover lost sales, the recording industry has done everything from lawsuits against file-sharers to dropping the prices of CDC. (Gimbals, 2005) In laymans terms, it means that the internet is dipping into these conglomerates sockets and theyre desperately scrambling to try and stop the bleeding. Its no wonder why the popular band Radioed said buck off to major labels and released their record In Rainbows D. I. Y. (do it yourself) At this end of the spectrum, the artist stands to receive the largest percentage of income from sales per unit -? sales of not everyone is as smart as those nerdy Radioed boys. David Byrne opines. (Byrne, 2007) That may sound all peachy keen and loaded with roses and sunshine, but lets not get ahead of ourselves, major labels have been around for years and its clear that theyre to going anywhere. Take a cue from Marina Pallet. After selling 10,000 albums on own, I entered into a new record deal with Warner Pros licensing the album, and I got shot in the marketing arm that only a major label can bring. Suddenly, the same single that I had released to little fanfare (apart from Radio 2, to which I pretty much owe my career) was put on radio playbills everywhere and became a chart hit. Supermarkets started stocking my album. A major label has money, leverage and influence that is simply unavailable to most independents, and that isnt going to change any time pallet, 2011)If you dont believe Marina, take it from the man who signed Elliot Smith, R. E. M. Rod Stewart and my more famous acts, former Reprise and Warner Brothers president: Larry Warmonger. It really is a tough question. Ultimately I think that if youre looking to be an artist with a career, a long term career, for the most part major labels is the Nay to go. (Warmonger, 2006) Most independent labels dont get any radio airplay, so its interesting situation. look you still need radio. The world has not changed that much {et. (Warmonger, 2006).I spoke with 5 different classmates about whether independent musicians could unique and interesting in its own respect. I always find it interesting to listen to the people that havent been absorbed or warped by the entertainment business. The first person I interviewed was Steven Discard. Steven wants to be an actor and plans on going to Albany after D. C. C. When I asked him if independent musicians can survive he told me that through social media and hard work and dedication, musicians can sustain a living while being independent. If you want something bad enough, youre going to put in the effort by going out to local shows, handing out flyers and making a name for yourself (Discard, 2012) The Next interviewee was Dylan Cake. Dylan plans on being a youth minister and in his spare time he edits videos. Dylan perception is what I feel most peoples perception is. l dont think you can plan a retirement being an independent musician. I think that you might be able to sustain yourself for a bit, but eventually without support from the big guys, youre goanna get lost (Cake, 2012) The next person I interviewed was Marimbas Weissmuller.Marimbas a very soft- spoken women who goes to Duchess for liberal arts she Marimbas took this class because she is fascinated by the media and its interaction with society. I feel bad for the independent artists. It has to be a very hard lifestyle working all the time and not seeing any reward. Although I think it can work, theres lots of hard work involved and Most likely my favorite interview was with a gentleman by the name of Daniel oriel. Daniel is the kind of guy that leads by example.Hes a Com student and is into film production. l definitely think independent artists can sustain a living. Independent artists have complete control over their intellectual property. Nobodys getting into their art, nobodys constantly hassling them for money. If they have a good product, ongoing to build their fan base and eventually majors are going to try and grab them up. Like with any industry, If youre talented, people are going to try and use you. Oh so true. (Tortellini, 2012) The final person I talked to was Stephanie Alicia.Stephanie wants to be a writer, but it seems as if shes too afraid to push herself out of fear of failure. If I could do Anteater I wanted, I would choose to be a struggling author all of my life, but chances are, Im going to do a 9-5 instead. Id like to think that independent artists can survive, but I dont think its a comfortable living (Alicia, 2012) My opinion is mixed. Eve been an independent artist and Eve been signed to labels. Both are interesting. On one hand, being independent gives you the freedom and total control of your work.Youre doing everything yourself, you have nobody to answer to, you get no sleep the social networking sites, after awhile it feels as if youre a slave to your art, scratch that, you are. Its your music; its your message; its your life. Add on top of all the financial headaches and bills that go along with managing a business. Being on a major label gives you breathing room. Theres money coming in, were taking care of promoting, they have people running your social networking sites, they have people putting your face in magazines and on all those teeny popper magazines. Theres a business manager, youre Job is to focus on making the hits! Rhea problem is, is that music and art is completely subjective. What do shirt and ties about being on a road, writing a song, bleeding for what you believe in? Most of them Newer in failed bands or never have picked up an instrument before in their life. Its ridiculous sometimes when you actually meet some of the people that work at these labels. How can we fix this problem? Easy, stop having major corporations run the radio stations and dictate to the people what musics played on them.If people cared enough, there could be change. Just like Steel, its only as strong as the hand that wields it. These radio stations are only popular because people listen to them. If people cared they would stand up and fight for their right! I find that sometimes the people have been turning into clear channel zombies. So Ill address this situation again? Can you make a sustainable living being by being an independent artist? Yes, if youre smart, and you dont travel too far, you Our product slowly and secure dedicated fans. Its possible to pay your bills and have a DOD time. Paper free essay sample Whether the ruthless slaughter of the Filipinos shall end next month or next year is but an incident in a contest that must go on until the Declaration of Independence and the Constitution of the United States are rescued from the hands of their betrayers. Those who dispute about standards of value while the foundation of the Republic is undermined will be listened to as little as those who would wrangle about the small economies of the household while the house is on fire. The training of a great people for a century, the aspiration for? iberty of a vast immigration are forces that will hurl aside those who in the delirium of conquest seek to destroy the character of our institutions. Document E Source: Senator Albert J. Beveridge. Speech to 56th Congress, Congressional Record 1900 The Philippines are ours forever . . . . And just beyond the Philippines are Chinas illimitable market. We will not retreat from either. We will write a custom essay sample on Paper or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page We will not repudiate our duty in the archipelago. We will not abandon our opportunity in the Orient. We will not renounce our part in the mission of our race, trustee, under God, of the civilization of the world. And we will move forward to our work . . . . with gratitude . . . . and thanksgiving to Almighty God that He has marked us as His chosen people, henceforth to lead in the regeneration of the world . . . . Our largest trade henceforth must be with Asia. The Pacific is our ocean . . . . And the Pacific is the ocean of the commerce of the future . . . . The power that rules the Pacific, therefore, is the power that rules the world. And, with the Philippines, that power is and will forever be the American Republic. Document F Source: Theodore Roosevelt. Annual Message to Congress, December 6, 1904. It is not true that the United States feels any land hunger or entertains any projects as regards the other nations of the Western Hemisphere, save such as are for their welfare. All that this country desires is to see the neighboring countries stable, orderly, and prosperous. Any country whose people conduct themselves well can count upon our hearty friendship. If a nation shows that it knows how to act with reasonable efficiency and decency in social and political matters, if it keeps order and pays its obligations, it need fear no interference from the United States. Chronic wrongdoing, or an impotence which results in a general loosening of the ties of civilized society, may in America, as elsewhere, ultimately require intervention by some civilized nation, and in the Western Hemisphere the adherence of the United States to the Monroe Doctrine may force the United States, however reluctantly, in flagrant cases of such wrongdoing or impotence, to the exercise of an international police power. If every country washed by the Caribbean Sea would show the progress in stable and just civilization which, with the aid of the Platt amendment, Cuba has shown since our troops left the island, and which so many of the republics in both Americas are constantly and brilliantly showing, all question of interference by this Nation with their affairs would be at an end. Document Paper free essay sample Macro Hanna Xxxx26804 (Note: remove the first 4 digits from your student ID) *By signing above you attest that you have contributed to this submission and confirm that all work you have contributed to this submission is your own work. Any suspicion of copying or plagiarism in this work will result in an investigation of Academic Misconduct and may result in a O on the work, an F in the course, or possibly more severe penalties, as well as a Disciplinary Notice on your academic record under the Student Code ofAcademic Conduct, which can be found online at: http://WV. Reason. Ca/ senate/poesies/pappy. PDF. Study of Times waiting at Banks Introduction: The issues that are going to be studied are the factors that affect waiting time at a Bank service line. Some of the consequences of long wait time are customer irritation and employee frustration, which leads to a bad reputation for the bank. We will write a custom essay sample on Paper or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The motivations for this research are the improvement of service time, increase in the customer satisfaction and better corporate reputation. This proposal comprises the purpose of the project, target population and limitations for research, an explanation of the approach, and the expected results. Purpose: The purpose of this project is to find the causes of the delay time at a Bank and find the practical ways to avoid the delays. Scope: The scope of this project will only be limited to just one particular branch as it would be nearly impossible to obtain data for an entire franchise. We will be looking and analyzing the ID branch located on Horntail SST, Abramson.The target population for this project includes people of all age ranges going from 12 to 100 years old (Theoretically people have a bank account for a majority of their life). To specify most of the data that will be collected will be based on daily customers (normally in the age range of 25-55) as they are considerably impacted by the long wait lines as for them time is money. As we are limiting ourselves to this one particular branch there will be some inaccu racies in data collected which may vary from branch to branch as well efferent banks (I. . ID, CUBIC, etc. ). Paper free essay sample Students should be allowed to pray in school Is praying in school really allowed? Do the majority of children that do want to pray get put down or get frowned upon? Well that answer to that question years ago would have been that praying in school was a part of everyday routine. We can change the world Have you ever wanted to change the world? I do. Many people say that but dont put their dreams on paper. Many people say they want a better world but dont stop making bad decisions. Abortion: Another name for murder or a desperate necessity Every day, an overwhelming amount of human beings’ lives are terminated. So what is one to do when they discover that they’re pregnant? A mother kills her baby because it is unwanted, yet she is not charged with murder. Is this right? It is wrong to kill something that has an undoubtedly possible future. We will write a custom essay sample on Paper or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Are cell phones dangerous? Cell Phones    are negatively impacting School Life. Although individuals are relying more heavily on mobile communications, the use of these devices needs to be balanced with an understanding of the risks involved in their use. Do parents have a social responsibility to vaccinate their children? Social Responsibility, some may say it is and organizations duty to behave in an economically and environmentally sustainable manner. Do violent video games cause behavior problems? Technology has grown and improved over the past several years. With technology increasing so has the demand for computers, televisions and video games. Video games are electronic games that involve a place where interaction between humans and machines occurs. Does â€Å"tough love† really work? Tough love is an expression used when someone treats another person harshly or sternly. How has technology impacted parenting? As technology continues to change, businesses have to adapt to new and faster ways in which to reach customers in this competitive technology age. Is child behavior better or worse than it was years ago? Is child behavior better or worse than it was years ago? My stand in this question is YES; child behavior has worsened over the years. Love or Money All throughout life people always ask one question â€Å" Which is more important money or love†. No one can really answer the question be people always give there opinions. Is fashion important? Fashion is a style of dressing or behaving that is the most popular at a particular time. They usually remain popular for about 1-3 years and then are replaced by other ideas. Fashion has its roots from the very ancient times, it existed in all ages. What is the link between sleep disorders and attention disorders? Developmental disorder called â€Å"attention deficit disorder†. Extremely active behavior, impulsiveness, poor motor coordination, and low frustration tolerance are associated with this label. Although in the examples, the behaviors were obvious early, many children are identified as having this disorder only when they enter school. Antisocial personality disorder Antisocial personality disorder is a disorder with a misleading name. Its name may lead one to believe that people with the disorder stay away from social interaction. That is anything but true. People with this disorder are very sociable. The thing that makes them antisocial is they way they do not adapt to normal social standards or behavior. h Causes and Symptoms of Stress For many people, stress is so commonplace that it has become a way of life. Modern life is full of hassles, deadlines, frustrations, and demands. Stress isn’t always bad. In small doses, it can help you perform under pressure and motivate you to do your best. Phobias Fear of heights, fear of the number 13, fear of spiders, fear of small spaces. All of these fears are considered phobias. While there are many causes of phobias, one theory uses the notion of preparedness in Pavlovian conditioning. This is a way in which people learn to react to certain stimuli. Prejudice and discrimination (ie, homophobia, sexism, racism) Approximately 12, 8-10 year old children commit suicide every year because they are victims of bullying. Whereas 1. 3 million children a year bully others. What is bullying? One who hurts or intimidates others. This assault may occur in two principle forms, verbal or physical. Why do people need someone to love? At some point, every woman wants to be with a partner that she can love. A woman wants someone who is compatible with her and shares her likes and dislikes. A woman wants someone she can love, someone she can care for, and someone she can build a lifelong friendship of loyalty and trust. Abortion – a right for the mother Abortion  is the termination of  pregnancy  by the removal or expulsion from the  uterus  of a  fetus  or  embryo  prior to  viability. An abortion can occur spontaneously, in which case it is usually called a  miscarriage, or it can be purposely  induced. The term  abortion  most commonly refers to the induced abortion of a human pregnancy. The Feelings of Falling in Love What is Love? Is it attraction? Is it intimacy? Is it attachment? Love, in fact, is all of these things combined together. Love is spiritual, not physical. It is a union of souls and hearts and minds, not something you cant put under your microscope and understand!    Love is an emotion combined with a series of feelings.

Gender Bashing Essays - Gender Studies, Gender, Human Behavior

Gender Bashing Essays - Gender Studies, Gender, Human Behavior Gender Bashing The Mens Right Movement: Male is Not a Four-Letter Word 11/22/00 Jack Kammers article seeks to point out that negative aspects have stemmed from the growing womens liberation movement. This article does a good job bringing to light the anti-male feelings that are sometimes associated with the word feminism. However, it does not really have a concrete basis that supports this authors opinions. Kammers article does share one concept common among some of the other critiques I have read on this man vs. women phenomenon. That is, without a factual base they tend to sound like simple complaints. I feel that articles such as these tend to take attention off of real problems that are embedded in our society. They also lead other reader to perceive the whole subject as a joke rather than a social science seeking solutions to real problems. Kammer does take the time to include some statistics on the many ways a mans life is worse than that of a women, but these can be quickly thrown out. For example, women have typically not been allowed to work in death pr ofessions. I am sure that as our society grows everyone will have an equal chance at these wonderful jobs. I found it appalling that he even objected to differential treatment of children in hostage situations. I have shared some of the same feelings that Kramer describes, but I tend to ignore those as just differences of opinion or an ignorant person speaking to quickly. His use of the media portraying men as secret admirer and blood brother to the gang rapist is useless. The media will do anything to sell their product. That is something we can all agree on. We as a society are the police force that must control the media. Refuse to buy their product and they will change. I agree with Krammer in that many feminists tend to focus on mens shortcomings as a way to further their cause. He does go a little far in using comics as an example of zapping our cultures male energy. This is a large problem that is detrimental to a lot of arguments present today. (Look at the elections.) Rathe r than seeking a solution that will bring one side up to meet the other these people hope to bash the other side down. I have not heard of the silent crisis facing men, but I think we can all agree that hitting is bad or we may have to revert back to kindergarten to learn the golden rule. Finally I will leave you with one thing my mother taught me long ago. Excuse my French, but it coincides with the title. Assholes are everywhere; they know no gender, color, shape, position, etc. Once a person realizes this and does not count the whole group, whatever it may be, off it makes a whole lot easier to ignore them. Bibliography Kammer, Jack. The Men's Right Movement: Male is Not a Four-Letter Word.

Gender Bashing Essays - Gender Studies, Gender, Human Behavior

Gender Bashing Essays - Gender Studies, Gender, Human Behavior Gender Bashing The Mens Right Movement: Male is Not a Four-Letter Word 11/22/00 Jack Kammers article seeks to point out that negative aspects have stemmed from the growing womens liberation movement. This article does a good job bringing to light the anti-male feelings that are sometimes associated with the word feminism. However, it does not really have a concrete basis that supports this authors opinions. Kammers article does share one concept common among some of the other critiques I have read on this man vs. women phenomenon. That is, without a factual base they tend to sound like simple complaints. I feel that articles such as these tend to take attention off of real problems that are embedded in our society. They also lead other reader to perceive the whole subject as a joke rather than a social science seeking solutions to real problems. Kammer does take the time to include some statistics on the many ways a mans life is worse than that of a women, but these can be quickly thrown out. For example, women have typically not been allowed to work in death pr ofessions. I am sure that as our society grows everyone will have an equal chance at these wonderful jobs. I found it appalling that he even objected to differential treatment of children in hostage situations. I have shared some of the same feelings that Kramer describes, but I tend to ignore those as just differences of opinion or an ignorant person speaking to quickly. His use of the media portraying men as secret admirer and blood brother to the gang rapist is useless. The media will do anything to sell their product. That is something we can all agree on. We as a society are the police force that must control the media. Refuse to buy their product and they will change. I agree with Krammer in that many feminists tend to focus on mens shortcomings as a way to further their cause. He does go a little far in using comics as an example of zapping our cultures male energy. This is a large problem that is detrimental to a lot of arguments present today. (Look at the elections.) Rathe r than seeking a solution that will bring one side up to meet the other these people hope to bash the other side down. I have not heard of the silent crisis facing men, but I think we can all agree that hitting is bad or we may have to revert back to kindergarten to learn the golden rule. Finally I will leave you with one thing my mother taught me long ago. Excuse my French, but it coincides with the title. Assholes are everywhere; they know no gender, color, shape, position, etc. Once a person realizes this and does not count the whole group, whatever it may be, off it makes a whole lot easier to ignore them. Bibliography Kammer, Jack. The Men's Right Movement: Male is Not a Four-Letter Word.

Biodegradable Plastics Essay Example for Free

Biodegradable Plastics Essay The properties of plastics are determined by the polymers that constitute the unit. Based on this, plastics can be modified into biodegradable products by varying the constituents synthetically. Their chemical structures vary due to the substituting polyesters in the polymer chain. Let’s study about the chemical differences and structure of green plastics; PHA and PLA. Amylose and Amylopectin are the major polymer components of starch. In the link structure, all identical chain points are connected to –CH2OH group. The oxygen in the ring structure chain facilitates degradation when reacted with water. Any hybrid variety can be produced with two components: renewable natural polymer (starch) and petroleum based synthetic polymer (PCL). †¢ Polylactide (PLA) is a bioplastic basically made from starch, the basic building material. Here lactic acid (CH3CHOHCOOH) is produced through fermentation where microorganisms convert sugar feedstock into lactic acid. The lactic acid thus isolated is depolymerized to lactide and by Ring-opening polymerization with catalysts it is converted into Polylactide polymer of high molecular weight. Based on the particle size, the rate of biodegradability and transparency varies. They find use in soluble fibers, compose bags and renewable products. †¢ Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) polymers are produced naturally by microorganisms directly from sugar feedstock. The polymer is isolated, purified and processed. These components can be controlled by varying the ratio of sugar feedstock. Synthesized PHA is copolyester composed of 3-hydroxy fatty acids hydroxybuterate, hydroxyvalerate and hydroxyhexanoate. In all PHAs the hydroxyl substituted carbon atom is steriochemical -R configuration. Since they are composed of short chain and long chain length –R groups, they are used for a variety of commercial applications. References Journal of Applied Microbiology, 2007, Pp 1437-1449 Stevens, E. S. , Green Plastics: An introduction to the New Science of Biodegradable Plastics, Princeton University Press, 2003 Biodegradable Plastics. (2016, Oct 08).

Cultural immersion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Cultural immersion - Essay Example The contrasts were deliberately sharp and well-defined: I was an international student mingling with American citizens; I was Muslim whereas I chose to attend a Baptist church; I was white whereas much of the congregation was black; and, I was an "outsider" in nearly each and every respect. From a cultural point of view, this was stretching the differences rather tightly. As an initial matter, I must admit that I was very nervous and a bit uncertain. As I was driving to the church, a million different things went through my mind. I was often hesitant and excited at the same time. I was hesitant because I felt quite awkward attending a religious service so different than my own. I have heard many things about Christianity and I have had many Christian friends; despite this superficial familiarity, I didn't know whether I would be welcome at the church. I wondered whether people might ask me personal questions, such as whether I had been baptized a Christian, and I wondered whether I ought to answer truthfully that I was a Muslim or whether I ought to simply lie and try to be accepted. More confusing was the fact that I didn't really understand the different nuances of the Christian religion. I knew that there were many different branches, such as Protestants, Catholics, Methodists, Episcopalians, and Baptists, but I didn't know how these different rel igious branches differed in terms of doctrine or behavior. More, these were black Baptists, and I wondered why blacks went to a different church than other Baptists. I wondered whether I would be the only Muslim or the only light-skinned person. Despite these fears, I imagined that the people would not be hostile. This is because I had telephoned in advance, and I was told that I would be more than welcome to attend. The church employee had given me directions and suggested that I attend the morning service rather than a workshop. In short, I approached the experience with a cautious optimism. The actual experience was both illuminating and a bit humbling. It was illuminating because I witnessed a true community of people, brought together by a common set of beliefs, and a people whom appeared extraordinarily conservative and possessed of pride and self-esteem. Three things, I think, struck me most about the people that I observed and met. First, everyone was well-groomed and the worship service seemed as much a fashion show as a religious event. Whether it was the young children or the older adults, everyone was dressed in fine clothes. Darker colors prevailed, though there were brighter accessories. There seemed to have been an unspoken dress code, and although I had dressed politely, I felt that my clothing was slightly out of place. This was something I had not anticipated; I had been worried about being a Muslim and a foreign citizen, but I hadn't even considered how to dress beyond being polite. I felt, as I entered the church, that my clothing identified me as an outsider. Second, everyone was quite friendly and everyone seemed to know everyone. I was struck by the hugs and the handshakes. People smiled and greeted their fellow worshipers with big smiles. Their interaction was both formal and informal at the same time; more particularly, they spoke very

Finance assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Finance assignment - Essay Example s is used for production scheduling; number of set-ups is also used for setting up activity; and number of direct labour hours is used for other indirect cost since case facts required cost river for â€Å"other indirect cost† to be the % proportion that they represent relative to the best of the indirect cost. This researcher has interpreted that the best basis is still the number of direct labour hours in the absence of other cost driver that could be used for other indirect cost. In applying the ABC approach for Agostino plc, there was a need to get first the estimated number cost driver units and the estimated share of activities from the unallocated total direct cost. The estimated number of cost driver units was based on the given total annual activity data which can be assumed to stay constant for next year from the three distinct services provided by the company. The data is as summarized in Table I below: It may be observed from above about the need to identify the services for purpose of applying ABC for Agostino plc. It may be further observed that the real issue on the use of ABC costing in on how to have a more rational basis of allocation for purposes of enhancing control on the indirect cost of rendering service (Roztocki, N., 1999; Saldarini, K., 2000). With control comes responsibility for the behaviour of the cost of services. With responsibility for cost comes the responsibility for profits of important departments or components of the organization which render the various laundry services by Agostino plc. After getting the cost driver rate, the same could now be multiplied with the actual cost number driver units. Since the case facts do not appear to have provided the actual number of cost driver units, this paper made use of the forecasted level of activity for next years for the three kinds of services and assume the same to be actual. The process resulted to allocation of the total actual indirect costs based on activities identified

The Pearl Essay Example for Free

The Pearl Essay The Pearl is John Steinbeck famous novel. Being a Nobel Prize winner, he is a keen observer of life. Steinbeck novels normally portray struggling people, who have been disadvantaged by the society. His characters normally draw stories from real life or historical conditions prevalent in the 20th century. The Pearl is story of an Indian pearl diver Kino, who is content with his life; however this peace is shattered by temptation of a new found pearl; which accelerates his agreed. Its not only his greed, but its also about the greed of people around him including doctor, priest friends, and the shopkeeper; all of which wish to partake Kino’s new found wealth. Some want to by cheating; other want by force and it this drama which unfolds throughout the novel. When Kino finds pearl; he realizes that all the people surrounding him want to snatch way his fate by one way or other. Rich and poor, all becomes his enemies. Even the priest tries to find something out of Kino’s pearl for his church. The priest pretext is â€Å"thanking Lord† but in reality it is his share (greed) that he wants out of Kino’s wealth. When he goes to the doctor, even the mean doctor suddenly becomes nice (because he also wants Kino’s pearl). When he goes to market even the buyers are greedy and they want to rip off Kino by offering him peanuts for the pearl of the world. Conclusion The writer has portrayed a very beautiful story about human greed and how it can shatter peace in life. The setting chosen by the author is very calm in the beginning; which becomes violent at later stage. The story of pearl begins with discovery of pearl and its effects on Kino and the whole village. The novels opens with a new day (dawn) with the events taking place in the later part of the day; while the tragic part including the chase and death of the Kino’s son takes place in the darkness. When Kino returns to village its day; thus we can say that Kino is portrayed as traveling from light to darkness; led astray in the darkness and comes back to light.

To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee - Learning and Personal Growth :: Kill Mockingbird essays

Learning and Personal Growth in To Kill a Mockingbird Conflict is an inevitable part of life. In many cases, these conflicts are between two individuals debating over one specific subject. It is often hard to declare a winner when both people consider their argument to be the correct one. Scout and Jem learn the tools necessary to overcome conflict through personal experience as well as the experiences of other characters in the novel. As a person grows older, conflicts in life become a more regular and more real occurrence. Through experience, knowledge, and bravery any situation can be controlled and overcome as seen in To Kill A Mockingbird by Harper Lee. As life goes on, a child gains a great deal of experience through her own doings and those of others. With each new situation, this child is able to better carry his or her way through life. Scout grows up in a small Alabama town, and she contains herself between two houses in her neighborhood: Mrs. Dubose's house (2 doors north) and the Radley place (3 doors south). She and her young playmates start off as clean slates, so they act out other people's experiences to compensate for the lack of their own. "He (Dill, an out of town friend) played the character parts normally thrust upon me--the ape in Tarzan, Mr. Crabtree in The Rover Boys, Mr. Damon in Tom Swift" (Lee 8). This game playing becomes the first sign in the novel that Scout is ready to enter the world of the adult. Scout's first learning experience away from home is at school. "I never deliberately learned to read, but somehow I had been wallowing illicitly in the daily papers,..., reading was something that just came to me " (Lee 17). She is a smart child and has no trouble with the educational learning involved with school, but for the first time, she experiences conflict through the differences in her classmates. As Scout grows older she becomes more curious. She even go so far as to enter the world of the Negro and to go to church with Calpurnia. "First Purchase African M.E. Church was in the quarters outside the southern town limits" (Lee 118). Calpurnia's church is a long way from their original neighborhood barriers, but thanks to Scout's new experience, she will not contain the prejudices held by many of the white townspeople.

Cultural Influences on Love

But when Is love ever true and committing? That Is why American tradition values marriage; the supposed full-term commitment of love and care. B) Sexual intercourse between partners is usually considered as love. Sex is valued as a freedom, and anyone could participate in sexual relationships. Even when someone isn't married or together, our American tradition views it as a natural incident. I believe love could just be caring deeply for someone and supporting them. Though someone once told me that love doesn't exist; it's just a made-up hooch!C) Transition: Consequently, people can catch sexually transmitted diseases and the false assumption that sex is love, and can destroy a persons life. That assumption is usually obtained from the mass media. II. American culture also influences love by mass media. America is known for its mind-shaping media which includes television, newspapers, music/radio stations, and especially the internet. A) It is a fact that the American society has alw ays been influenced by the mainstream media. We see or hear opinions and facts on TV or radio that others eave broadcasted.Most people give information that is most likely based on unfounded assumptions or unreasonable views. Love Is a topic that Is controversial In terms of how we should go about It. B) The media has portrayed love In many different aspects. In movies and TV shows love might be shown as a sacred and personal relationship between a husband and wife, or that special night for a teen couple on the mountain peak. Sex Is often mistaken as true love In the media. For example, I never had sex with my ex- relined and I truly loved her.Today, our views on love can be Influenced by networking such as Namespace, Twitter, or Faceable. C) Transition: However, all of these Influences and Ideas are biased, and can prove to be misleading. Society shouldn't believe everything In the media (or others). That is why American culture is based on individual freedom. America. We have the right to decide and think for ourselves on any topic or any action we choose. A) Today, American citizens have the right to choose who they can love or have sexual intercourse with.Whether it be a husband/wife or boyfriend/girlfriend, we can decide. B) Individual freedom also gives us the right to decide if a loving relationship isn't so loving. For example, a chaotic marriage. Couples can file for a divorce if agreed upon. Transition: Definitely, No matter how you view it, love should be honest and true. It should be pure, whether in a sexual relationship, marriage, or friendship. Love is a valued term and emotion that American culture has influenced by tradition, freedom, and the mass media.

Srucial part of job Essay

And here the other job of the sales team will kick in because they have to go around to talk with the retail establishment, big and small, in the cities they are operating, which will require an extended travel as sometimes they have to cover the outskirts of the city as well as the outlying regions. There is a huge competition to get space in the crowded shelves of retailers that will have to be convinced that the product is worth their recommendation and meets all the legal requirements to be sold for the public, which is part of the job of the sales team to furnish proof and explanation. This is also a very crucial part of their job, although at times it could be done through the distributors. However, the smaller retailers that are not chain stores might have to be approached individually or it might be the job of the distributors to convince them to carry the new product that should attract many buyers because of what it is offering, which is not only unique but functional foods are new even for the general food market that is catering for the adult buyers. After doing that, the particular brand depending on its popularity might start to sell itself, where distributors and retailers would want to put it in their stock and on their shelves because it is selling well, and when that point is reached the sales team could say their job is partially done, but they can still search for new locations and retailers in the same regions or in other regions. The conclusion is the baby food market is a highly regulated market and it is similar to the pharmaceutical market where manufacturers do not have a direct access to the buyers and users of their products, because of the sensitive nature of what is involved, which is the life of young children whose growth could be harmed irreversibly if they are not given what they exactly need for their normal growth from the beginning. Even if there is no outright opposition to the existence of the breast milk substitutes, the authorities and other concerned groups would have preferred if mothers start using it between four and five months, but since that might not be possible because of the nature of the life of the mothers themselves who could be working outside of the home, which will result in their being time strapped, and instead of preparing food for their children at home it will be easier for them to pick the substitutes form the various stores and mix the feeding process with their own breast-feeding since it is proven to be vital for the children. Similarly, the existence of the breast milk substitutes will become handy for children whose mothers cannot breast-feed them for various reasons that were mentioned earlier, and in their case the breast milk substitute will come close to breast milk and they will grow up healthy as there are sources that are saying even if people simply wanted to believe that breast milk is better for the child and it will create some kind of bondage between mother and child, in reality the substitutes are proven scientifically to be as good as the breast milk if not better. Therefore, any company that is selling baby food, which has a global market of close to $21 billion a year will have to go over many hurdles to put the substitute on the hands of the mothers that will use it to feed their baby properly and everyone will be benefited at the end of the day. [10] REFERENCE 1. Nestle in Northern Europe. Retrieved from the Web on April 5, 2007. www. nestle. se/neobuilder/200108091943_6622_3b72cbb9544e1. html 2. Baby Food Business Assessment. Retrieved from the Web on April 5, 2007. www.researchandmarkets. com/reports/3492 3. Baby Food Industry Lobbies WHO. Retrieved from the Web on April 5, 2007. www. bmj. com/cji/content/full/321/7273/1411 4. The Ecologist. Retrieved from the Web on April 5, 2007. www. theecologist. org/archive_detail. asp? 5. International Code. Retrieved from the Web on April 5, 2007. www. ibfan. org/english/resource/who/fullcode. html 6. Nestles Market War. HighBeam Encyclopedia. Retrieved from the Web on April 5, 2007. www. encyclopedia. com/doc/1G1-131934511. html 7. Breast Feeding. Retrieved from the Web on April 5, 2007. www. geocities. com/HotSprings/spa/3156/code. htm 8. Health Workers and the Baby Food Industry. Retrieved from the Web on April 5, 2007. www. bmj. com/cji/content/full/312/7046/1556 9. Nestle Public Relation Machine Exposed. Retrieved from the Web on April 5, 2007. www. babymilkaction. org/boycott/prmachine. html 10. Health-Conscious-Drive-Baby-Food-Market-Growth. Retrieved from the Web on April 5, 2007. www. rncos. com/Press_Release/Health-Conscious-Drive-Baby-Food-Market-Growth-July. htmÃ'Ž

Free Essays on College Essay About Life

Throughout my life I have been faced with many obstacles in which, luckily, I have overcome. Unfortunately though, many of those obstacles I created myself. When kids enter high school, they make decisions as freshman that foreshadow the rest of their high school career. Sadly, I picked the wrong path to follow. This choice led me to a long and hard couple years. I was getting in trouble in school, getting in trouble at home, and even getting in trouble with the law. Until one day I was expelled from school. I left my friends, my teachers, my work and I went to a brand new environment. This is when I began to see that I needed to change. In the first couple months of my freshman year I had to deal with the death of my grandmother. We had a very close relationship. I remember when I was little I used to sit on her lap as we played games or read a book. Because her death was never fully explained to me, I began to drift away from my family. I started to look for comfort in the new friends I was making. This was one of the first mistakes I made. My new friends were in to partying and drugs. In order to keep them my friends I felt I had to keep up, which meant partying along with them. So of course, my grades began to fall and I started to become out of control. Eventually my behavior started to get so bad that it was causing problems in my home. I would walk in the front door and hear my parents fighting over how they were going to deal with me. The screaming would not stop and with in a couple minutes I would be part of it. Today I know that I almost caused my parents to get a divorce. With my partying, low grades, and all out disrespect I was driving my parents insane and they were taking it out on each other. As Ientered my sophomore year everything was still the same. I had been suspended plenty of times, arrested, put on probation, and practically anything that was bad- Idid. Then came junior year. This is when Ifound out my... Free Essays on College Essay About Life Free Essays on College Essay About Life Throughout my life I have been faced with many obstacles in which, luckily, I have overcome. Unfortunately though, many of those obstacles I created myself. When kids enter high school, they make decisions as freshman that foreshadow the rest of their high school career. Sadly, I picked the wrong path to follow. This choice led me to a long and hard couple years. I was getting in trouble in school, getting in trouble at home, and even getting in trouble with the law. Until one day I was expelled from school. I left my friends, my teachers, my work and I went to a brand new environment. This is when I began to see that I needed to change. In the first couple months of my freshman year I had to deal with the death of my grandmother. We had a very close relationship. I remember when I was little I used to sit on her lap as we played games or read a book. Because her death was never fully explained to me, I began to drift away from my family. I started to look for comfort in the new friends I was making. This was one of the first mistakes I made. My new friends were in to partying and drugs. In order to keep them my friends I felt I had to keep up, which meant partying along with them. So of course, my grades began to fall and I started to become out of control. Eventually my behavior started to get so bad that it was causing problems in my home. I would walk in the front door and hear my parents fighting over how they were going to deal with me. The screaming would not stop and with in a couple minutes I would be part of it. Today I know that I almost caused my parents to get a divorce. With my partying, low grades, and all out disrespect I was driving my parents insane and they were taking it out on each other. As Ientered my sophomore year everything was still the same. I had been suspended plenty of times, arrested, put on probation, and practically anything that was bad- Idid. Then came junior year. This is when Ifound out my...

2000 notional key incidents Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

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Cruse Ship Managment Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Cruse Ship Managment - Assignment Example A good cruise itinerary must outline the effects of all internal factors at play. These factors are within the control of the management and can be tactfully addressed. Some of these factors as pointed out by Kaulbars (2008) include relations to the prospective host communities and authorities, budget estimations, and overall basics of a journey. Logistics is another internal factor that ought to be taken care of. Here, aspects such as exchange of crew and supply arrangements are looked into. Another factor is the characteristic of the vessel, with key concern to vessels’ capability, amenities, and adaptability to diverse port destinations. Some of these external factors as espoused by Kaulbars include infrastructure and superstructure of the port of call, with finer details to evaluate being the facilities available, bunker services and costs, as well as accommodation facilities (Sun, Gauri & Webster, 2011). Other factors include customer preferences, sea conditions such as winds and tides, as well as weather conditions both at sea and at inland destinations that may have adverse effects on the comfort of passengers. Cruise ships have also been made more comfortable by offering services that are similar to those offered in inland holiday inns. Amenities such as swimming pool, a shopping place where the customers can make light purchases, etc. have been included to make the voyages more exciting. Certainly, these amenities help create a pleasurable environment that provide greater experience to the tourists. A good cruise ship itinerary must also take into concern factors that motivate the customers. These factors can be evaluated based on costs, facilities available within the ship, duration of stay at particular ports during stopovers, among others. Greenwood and Barron observe that most passengers prefer the preservation of individuality, a factor that has been successfully overcome by offering sightseeing tours to

The Methodology of Three International University Ranking Systems Essay

The Methodology of Three International University Ranking Systems - Essay Example The three major international ranking systems that are used for this purpose are The Times Higher Education World University Rankings, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Rankings of World Universities as well as The CHE ExcellenceRanking 2010 (Gallagher, 2011). The essay will start off with a definition of the university league tables and how they work, reasons for their popularity and the substantial growth in their use over the past years. Next, it will explore various areas in relation with the league tables such as critical analysis of the three ranking systems to gauge their strengths and weaknesses, debate on the evidentiary basis of league tables to explain the criteria upon which the universities are ranked and criticism as well as the limitations to the validity of university ranking systems. Lastly, it will single out the methodology that stands out. The need for and growth of ranking systems: The world is in the process of getting preoccupied with rankings more and more every d ay. Just like scarcity, having access to the ‘finest’ as well as prestige more or less mark the purchase of almost every commodity in our daily lives, so are the customers of the tertiary sector continuously looking out for pointers that improve their capability to know and access the best in the tertiary sector (Salmi & Saroyan, 2007). Criteria for measuring the rankings: In most of the university ranking tables, the criteria used to measure the rankings is: To be distinct about what the ranking will measure. To use a variety of indicators and multiple procedures rather than a single, weighted ranking. To associate comparable programs or institutions. At the institutional level, use rankings for planned preparation and quality enhancement purposes. At the government level, use rankings to kindle a philosophy of quality. Use rankings as one of the tools available to notify and update students, families and employers and encourage public debate (Salmi & Saroyan, 2007) An alysis of the ranking systems: Shanghai Jiao Tong University (SJTU) rankings were formulated in 1998 and were more formally known as ‘The Academic Rankings of the World Universities’ (ARWU). Universities that have field medallists; highly cited researchers as well as Nobel laureates are included in the ranking. According to this criterion, ARWU is not trying to compare all the universities throughout the world; instead it is targeting the world’s top research universities only. ARWU initially picks out around 1000 universities from throughout the world, of which only 500 are later on ranked in the league tables. For all ARWU indicators, data is usually collected from third parties that include the official site of the Nobel Prize as well as numerous Thomson Reuters websites in order to access citation and publications (Rauhvargers, 2011). Moving on to ‘The Times higher Education World University Rankings’, it is apparent that, published in 2004, it w as an ‘answer’ to the Shanghai ARWU rankings. The indicated drive of ‘The World University Rankings’ is â€Å"to recognise universities as the multi-faceted organisations that they are, to provide a global comparison of their success against the notional mission of remaining or becoming world-class† (Salmi & Saroyan, 2007). This ranking separates 300 in each of the five faculty areas as well as about 600 universities and uses sources such as incorporate surveys from individual academics and researchers, employer organisations, third-party data as well as university information (Salmi & Saroyan, 2007). Lastly, The CHE Centre for Higher Education Development that designed an ‘

How Hersey Portrays the Event in Hiroshima Essay

How Hersey Portrays the Event in Hiroshima - Essay Example All of these individuals had no sense that their life would change few minutes after eight fifteen in the morning of 6 August 1945. As Hersey’s says in his book, Hiroshima, a noiseless flash was the only sign that each survivor would remember as they encounter a tragedy they would not forget in their life. Miss Sasaki was clerk at East Asia Tin when Dr. Masakazu was with his patient in a private hospital, Mrs. Nakamura stood in her kitchen looking outside through the window, and Father Kleinsorge was leading a magazine in his room. Reverend Tanimoto was another victim of the Hiroshima bombing; he as the other survivors was with a colleague pushing a handcart to the man’s house (Hersey 4-6). That day was like any other as Hersey’s records it was a still morning, and the town was pleasant and cool as always. Moreover, within a splash of second, a â€Å"tremendous flash† cut across from east heading west, and from that moment, the life of the people changed i n the city of Hiroshima (Hersey 4-6). Hersey note that the situation that people were just living their life, though terrified by threat of attack, it is worth to note that human being are, in equal measure the same and need to be treated with dignity. Hersey’s story displays the danger that surrounds human being in his action to make a living. In his analysis of the event after the Hiroshima bombing, Hersey displays the location of his six characters that he interviewed. In addition, the mere chance that they survived while many other died is by chance and their unconscious actions. There was spared from death and serious injuries. Hersey portrays a mysterious situation where so many people dies living other with only minor injuries. Hersey also portrays how fast thing can change in the matter of seconds. Before the attack with the atomic bomb, Hiroshima was used to warning of the possible attack. However, in the morning of 6 August 1945, no warning came to caution the peopl e of the attack, and the whole of Hiroshima changed from common to struggle and survival. The life of Hersey’s characters and the city would be different from what they were used to. As noted in the narration of the experiences, Hersey’s works portrays the abuse of human ethics, and the action of the American government. The attack of Hiroshima with something that caused unwarranted suffering is chocking and unbelievable. Such an act ought to be demonstrated to make people aware of what could happen in a situation of war with the kind of weapon such as an atomic bomb. What insight does the book give you into the Japanese perspective, and what do you think of that? In the experiences of the survivors, Hersey work tries to unfold the live after the atomic bomb. First, Mrs. Nakamura, one of the six characters interviewed by Hersey meets her sister in Hiroshima, and she is disappointed to hear from her that Japan has conceded defeat and that the war was done. She wishes Ja pan could win the war even after the attack in the city. Hersey paint a picture of dedicated people who no matter the devastation they had the courage to move on with their life. At time Mrs. Nakamura was meeting her sister, she had gone to the city to bring with her rice she had buried before the attack (50). In other instances, Hersey says that in September of 1945, radiation related ailment, had affected everyone. Father kleinsorge fell sick while going to deposit money in the city while Mrs. Nakamura daughter had fallen sick. Mr. Takimoto by this time had been bedridden (51-55). None of the challenge that the Japanese met deterred them from moving on with their live. Hersey also records that even in the city; Feverfew and Panic grass spring up in the city

Current Purchasing Power Accounting Accounting Essay

Current Purchasing Power Accounting Accounting Essay Accounting theory is a set of basic assumptions, definitions, principles, and concepts surrounding the accounting rule. It includes the reporting of accounting and financial information to relevant or interested parties. There are several approaches that are used in the development of accounting theory. The two main ones are normative theory approach and the positive theory approach. Normative theory approach is a theory that is not based on observation. It is based on how things in the accounting process should be done. This approach comprises of different approaches to have a single but effective accounting approach (Khandelwal, Jain, 2008). This kind of approach uses a formula to come up with an income based on value, not costs. On the other hand, positive or descriptive theoretical approach to accounting theory is a set of theories that is concerned with what accountants actually do (Rosenfield, 2006). These theories rely on a process of inductive thinking, which involves making observations and drawing inferences from them. The main purpose of making observations is to identify certain similarities, identify the number of instances that the similarities are actually observed to deduce a certain degree of assurance necessary to set up a theory about all the similar instances (Ackert, Deaves, 2009). Each of these accounting theoretical approaches are applicable in any business today. However, it would be difficult to apply them together at the same time, since each of them has different objectives (Ackert, Deaves, 2009). It is therefore up to an accountant to decide what approach is most accurate or best suited for what situation. This calls for the right judgment of accountants to be able to make the right decision in every situation or challenge that a business entity is faced with. Normative Theory Approach There are several approaches covered in this approach. Each of these theories is best suited for a different situation (Belkaoui, 2004). Below are these different theories and various situations where each theory is best to be applied. Historical Cost Accounting This theory is applied in times when the costs or prices for things are on the rise (Murphy, 2008). The Historical cost accounting theory is based on the assumption that money holds a constant purchasing power. The main challenge with this theory is that it assumes that the monetary unit is fixed and constant over time. This theory is however based on three components. One is that there are specific levels in price levels, which may be characterized by technological factors and changes of consumer demands. Another component is that there is usually a general change in price levels, which is what is known as inflation (Murphy, 2008). The third component is fluctuation in the exchange rates for different currencies. Due to these three components, the book value of a business should show the current value of assets when preparing financial reports (Murphy, 2008). As stated earlier, historical cost accounting is used when a company is experiencing rising prices. Prices are expected to raise every now and then, and this may render the approach useless in most of these situations. Companies that make use of this approach are safe from overstating profits especially in times when prices are on the rise (Whittington, 2007). Distribution of profits in such situations can affect the purchasing power of a company. This kind of approach may not be viable to use since it affects the operating results of the current year as it includes gains asserted in previous periods of the companyà ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢s existence. More to that, capital maintenance depends on maintaining an intact financial capital and purchasing power (Murphy, 2008). Using actual current values as they are presently in the market may give a certain measure of profits which should be well distributed to maintain a physical operating capital. Current Purchasing Power Accounting This theoretical approach is best suited in situations where accountants need to maintain capital and the purchasing power of a company. The Current purchasing power accounting theory was developed on the basis that if a company distributes its profits as is required by historical accounting, then the real value of a company has to be reduced (Murphy, 2008). This means that the company would have to distribute a certain amount of its capital. This approach applies indices and is hence easy and cheaper to apply when in such a situation (Rosenfield, 2006). This is because any adjustment that needs to be done is done at the end of a period, and on records made from historical cost accounting. Under this approach, non-monetary assets are termed as assets that monetary value may change overtime due to inflation. Such assets include the machinery in a factory. On the other hand, net-monetary assets are defined as monetary assets minus the monetary liabilities. With this theoretical approach, changes in the purchasing power of a company are not attributed to the non-monetary assets. The loss of purchasing power comes about as a result of holding net-monetary assets (Murphy, 2008). In general circumstances of price level accounting, non-monetary assets are listed to the current purchasing power and as thus, no profits or losses are recognized. This theoretical approach is not reliable when making decisions for the company. Current Cost Accounting This approach is best suited when trying to maintain the purchasing power of a company during times if inflation, or fluctuation of exchange rates of currencies, because it is based on actual valuations. This theoretical approach cuts a clear line between profits that are made after sales, and the gains that come with holding an asset, be it a net-monetary asset or a non-monetary asset (Murphy, 2008). Scholars have argued that a physical or real approach to maintaining capital yields the best results in any business entity, especially in terms of income. This approach values as asset on the basis of replacement costs (Murphy, 2008). Operating income of the asset is valued as realized revenue, minus the replacement costs of that particular asset. This approach of calculating replacement costs is best for calculating operating profit. This makes it possible to maintain the operation capacity of the business at a constant level. The current cost operating profits before absorbing gains and losses, and the realized gains of holding an asset are both counted as revenues, and thus the sum of the two equates to historical cost profit (Rosenfield, 2006). Gains of holding an asset are different from gains after making sales (Porwal, 2001). This is because are the two are dependent on differing factors in the market, most of which are beyond the control of the management in a business. There is an uncertainty surrounding the prevalence of replacement costs though. Current cost accounting is founded on two business concepts; current operating profit and realizable cost savings. Current operating profit is defined as the excess of the present value of the output sold, over the cost of related inputs. Realizable cost savings, also termed as the holding gains or losses, are the increase of the present cost of assets that the company is holding in a given period. Holding gains or losses of an asset can be realized or unrealized. For example, the holding gain of an excess in revaluation in unrealized, but is still considered as part of the business profit in the income statement (Whittington, 2007). In the event that there are two companies that were started at different times, the company that was started earlier will have a larger operating profit. This is because it has less depreciation costs. Any one would think that this company has a more efficient system of running its operations in the current years than other companies that were started later. The actual case is that the management made a wise decision when starting the company. The fact that they bought their assets back in time is a contributing factor. This is a good illustration of the concept of realizable cost savings. Exit Price Accounting This approach argues that assets should be valued as per their exit or market prices, non-marketable reproducible assets at replacement costs, and seasonal no marketable, non-reproducible assets be valued at the original cost (Rosenfield, 2006). The theory also argues that financial statements should be structured in a way to show how much a company is able to adapt to different situations and environments, and that income should be inclusive of all profits and losses, those that have been realized and those that have not been unrealized. This approach is suitable especially when the management has to make decisions about the future of a company. The fact that it gives a straight on focus on the adaptability of a company, makes it stand out of other theories (Whittington, 2007). The adaptability of a business entity is based on how liquid or sellable its assets are. This kind of approach would come in handy at a time when a company is considering to sell some of its assets to counteract inflations in the market. Positive Theories Approach As defined earlier, positive theories are used to explain and predict a phenomenon after making observations (Deegan, Samkin, 2011). Positive theories are based on the assumption that if one makes a series of observations on a behavior, they are able to develop a certain patter which they use to make conclusions and predictions. Examples of positive theories include the stakeholder theory and the legitimacy theory (Deegan, Samkin, 2011). PAT is mainly involved with relationships between people or entities that provide resources to a business organization (Deegan, Samkin, 2011). For instance, the relationship between the management of an organization and its owners. The main elements of most of the relationships according to this theory involve the delegation of decision making from one party (possibly the owners or management who act as the principle) and the agent (second party). If the principle makes wrong decisions, then the two parties are likely to suffer losses, and increased costs due to inefficiency. Such expenses are known as agency costs. The Positive Accounting theory seeks to find a way to reduce agency costs by use of contractual arrangements. It is thus based on the assumption that stakeholders will act in favor of their own interests, and will therefore grab any opportunity available to increase their wealth (Deegan, Samkin, 2011). With this assumption, morality and loyalty are definitely not characteristics of this theory (Ketz, 2006). The positive accounting theory states an organization is usually a collection of people who have individual self-interests, but are willing to cooperate to achieve collective goals, while at the same time, working on their personal goals (Alexander, Brittan, Joseen, 2007). One prediction of the PAT is that organizations will execute measures that align the interests of the whole organization to self-interests. Most of these measures are based on the output of the accounting system, where the stakeholders get to share the excesses of the organization. Such mechanisms need to be backed up by financial statements. According to PAT, managers should commit themselves to preparing the financial statements (Freedman, Jaggi, 2010). This is an expensive activity and the costs incurred are known as bonding costs. Bonding costs can therefore be defines as costs incurred to relevant authorities or agents when establishing means to communicate to the principals, so that they may act in a way that will not affect goals of the organization or the individuals involved. Being part of the stakeholders, the management officials too, have their own self-interests. Based on this assumption, PAT states that the financial statements that are prepared by the management should be audited (Alexander, Brittan, Joseen, 2007). This would help avoid possibilities of the agents to act or manipulate figures in the financial statements to suit their interests. On this note, PAT assumes that not all opportunistic actions can be controlled by contractual arrangements such as the auditing exercise, therefore, there will always be residual costs. Costs incurred during the auditing exercise are known as monitoring costs. Decisions or investigations that are based on the Positive accounting theory adopt an efficiency perspective or an opportunistic perspective. The efficiency perspective seeks to find mechanisms that can be executed so as to reduce agency costs (Freedman, Jaggi, 2010). A good example of this is that when companies produce financial statements that have been audited, they reduce real costs since there are no hidden figures that are not well accounted for. The audited financial statement therefore serves as an efficient perspective, and thus the organization can be termed as efficient (Deegan, Samkin, 2011). Still from the efficiency perspective, accounting practices of an organization should reflect the underlying financial performance of the organization. Organizations adopt different accounting methods, which can be explained by various organizational characteristics. A good example of this is goodwill. If a company is able to provide reliable information about its performance, potential investors will not need to go out looking for more information from other sources. This saves time and reduces costs (Schroeder, Clark, Cathey, 2011). A company will pick an accounting method that will best show its underlying performance. This means that placing certain limitations or regulations on how companies prepare their financial statements can lead to a company incurring more costs than necessary, and probably not achieve their goal. Based on this, this theory recommends that companies should be allowed to prepare their financial statements in a way that best suits their operations, and that will show their underlying performances well (Deegan, Samkin, 2011). As for the opportunistic perspective, PAT seeks to explain and predict opportunistic behavior likely to happen after getting into a contractual agreement. For example, when trying to minimize agency costs, the management of a given organization can negotiate a contractual arrangement to increase their bonuses on profits made. This would align the interests of the managers with those of the owners of the business entity. With the agreement in place, the management can then find other mechanisms to ensure that more profits are generated (Freedman, Jaggi, 2010). The more profits are made, the better the bonus that both the management and the owners will enjoy. These mechanisms that the management adopts may not be reflected on the set up of the organization or its assets. The opportunistic perspective assumes that owners of an organization predict that managers will at some point act opportunistic (Deegan, Samkin, 2011). The principles are therefore likely to set what accounting methods should be used. For instance, a bonus plan agreement may have a stipulation that a depreciation method be used to calculate income inform of bonuses. The management may find it a bit costly to stick to the stipulated plan, and may seek an alternative method. Following such a possibility, PAT states that agents will always have an upper hand in deciding what accounting method to use. Conclusion The above theories are applicable in different situations. According to the analysis put above, the two theories address different issues, and thus, it would yield contradicting results to combine them. For instance, normative theories are best applied when a company is faced with various externalities like fluctuations of currencies and inflation of prices. These affect the purchasing power of a company and thus, the theories come in handy to help the management to make decisions on how to survive such challenges. As for the positive theories to accounting theory, these come in handy when dealing with issues that affect the relationship between the major stakeholders of any business; the owners and the management. The two parties may have contradicting interests, and the positive theories come in handy best in such situations.